Effect of 'Gutingen V' as an intensive training system on agromorphological characters of some apple cultivars in Karaj region of Iran

V-shape systems represent an efficient and popular option to increase yields and fruit quality in fruit trees. Hence, this paper attempts to compare some vegetative and yield characteristics of five apple cultivars grown at horticultural research station in Karaj, Iran. The selected apple cultivars were included: 'Golab-kohans' (Iranian cultivar), 'Fuji', 'Gala', 'Starking' and 'Delbar estival' (commercial foreign cultivars) that were grafted on M.9 rootstock which were trained in a V system. All of these trees were planted in winter 2005. The time of irrigation started from the second experimental year after planting and the method of irrigation was drip irrigation system. Results showed that the 'Golab-kohans' had the most tree height (278.63 cm), trunk cross sectional area (7.308 cm2) and mean shoot length (100.58 cm). Also 'Delbar estival' had the most yield (0.98 kg), yield efficiency (0.550 kg/cm2). Consistently, Results revealed that among the investigated cultivars, 'Delbar estival' can be introduced as a prone and productive cultivar for V system in Karaj's climatic conditions

Proactive architecture for Internet of Things (IoTs) management in smart homes

Smart homes are driven by heterogeneity in nature and consist of diverse components that promote user comfort and security. In recent times, tremendous growth of Internet of Things (IoTs) applications is seen in smart homes. The huge diversity of various IoTs applications generally leads to interoperability requirements that need to be fulfilled. Current IoTs management is achieved using physical platforms that lack intelligence on decision making. A proactive architecture that deploys Event-Condition-Action (ECA) method is proposed to resolve the management of heterogeneous IoTs in smart homes. The proactive architecture, developed with a core repository stores persistent data of IoTs schema, proved to be an ideal solution in solving interoperability in smart homes

Changing Scenario of Pulses in India: An Analysis of its Growth and Instability in Eastern States

Despite of deceleration in area and marginal rise in production due to higher productivity growth rate but gross decline in area and production is perceived to be a major threat towards future food and nutritional security of the country as well as the Eastern states.Framing strategies to overcome the present gloomy situation may be considered as a greatest ever challenge faced by policy makers as well as agricultural scientists. The present situation necessitates long term planning to augment production. The strategies for stepping up domestic production must include development and adoption of modern technology including high yielding varieties, better monetary incentives to farmers to make pulses cultivation more remunerative than competitive crops, assured market which will motivate farmers to allocate more land for pulses cultivation. The minimum support price should be greater coordination with farm harvest price and market price. The Inputs constraints particularly quality seeds, fertilizers and lifesaving irrigation growth are not enough as compared to rice and wheat crops. Liberalized and subsidized import of pulses of India helps to meet demand-supply gaps,which have occurred because of stagnation in the area under cultivation, very slow growth in yield, poor increase in production and speedy increase in population. Ban on export and re-export of pulses make the closure of Indian pulses processing units. Problems of pulses economy can be solved with the increase the sources of production. Effective and continuous efforts are needed to increase the area under cultivation with better technological and logistic support

Changing Scenario of Pulses in India: An Analysis of its Growth and Instability in Eastern States

Despite of deceleration in area and marginal rise in production due to higher productivity growth rate but gross decline in area and production is perceived to be a major threat towards future food and nutritional security of the country as well as the Eastern states.Framing strategies to overcome the present gloomy situation may be considered as a greatest ever challenge faced by policy makers as well as agricultural scientists. The present situation necessitates long term planning to augment production. The strategies for stepping up domestic production must include development and adoption of modern technology including high yielding varieties, better monetary incentives to farmers to make pulses cultivation more remunerative than competitive crops, assured market which will motivate farmers to allocate more land for pulses cultivation. The minimum support price should be greater coordination with farm harvest price and market price. The Inputs constraints particularly quality seeds, fertilizers and lifesaving irrigation growth are not enough as compared to rice and wheat crops. Liberalized and subsidized import of pulses of India helps to meet demand-supply gaps,which have occurred because of stagnation in the area under cultivation, very slow growth in yield, poor increase in production and speedy increase in population. Ban on export and re-export of pulses make the closure of Indian pulses processing units. Problems of pulses economy can be solved with the increase the sources of production. Effective and continuous efforts are needed to increase the area under cultivation with better technological and logistic support

Naive Bayesian decision model for the interoperability of heterogeneous systems in an intelligent building environment

The environment of an intelligent building includes systems and sensors with significant heterogeneity. With the growth of heterogeneous devices and sensor technologies in intelligent buildings, designers are often faced with more interoperation complexities among heterogeneous systems that are data-intensive in nature. Conversely, performing decision making on these systems with a variety of building data is not efficient in terms of adapting to a changing environment. Current interoperation solutions for intelligent buildings focus on dry-contact and static rule-based systems to solve interoperability in intelligent buildings. Although static rule-based systems are efficient, the bottleneck can be in the area of the scalability of heterogeneous systems that will affect the efficient performance of interoperations. Therefore, to ensure a timely decision-making mechanism among heterogeneous systems, the performance delay and interpretation capability of systems should be improved. This paper offers a framework that improves the communication responses and the ability of automated decision support among the heterogeneous systems with a rule-based repository for the management of intelligent buildings. The implementation of the framework was performed with several systems to show their adaptation to joint interoperation. It is also interwoven with Web services to offer unified integration among heterogeneous systems. Testing of the framework was performed in a local area network (LAN) setting and proved to be reliable in solving interoperation problems for intelligent buildings

Sustainability in intelligent building environments using weighted priority scheduling algorithm

Intelligent buildings require various gadgets and sensors to automatically control the underlying environments with enhanced levels of comfort and efficiency. The ever-evolving technology and increasingly complex devices operated by heterogeneous systems have created challenges for intelligent building environments. Multi-platform type of heterogeneous systems functioning in intelligent building environments can lead to system failures with regard to deadlocks and unpredictable behavior, known as conflict occurrence. In this paper, we propose a new decision-making model with a weighted-priority scheduling algorithm that solves the conflicts to achieve efficient and sustainable communication response among heterogeneous systems. The experimental results demonstrate the enhanced response time of the model with conflict resolution. Furthermore, this model minimizes the external intervention to control the setting of such buildings

Prevalence of enterotoxin-encoding genes among diverse Shigella strains isolated from patients with diarrhea, southwest Iran

Shigella spp. are a major cause of bacillary dysentery, particularly among children in developing countries such as Iran. This study aimed to investigate the presence of two important Shigella enterotoxins (ShET-1 and ShET-2), encoded by the set and sen genes, respectively, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay among Shigella species isolated from children affected by shigellosis in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, from June 2016 to April 2017, altogether 117 Shigella isolates were collected from fecal specimens of children aged <15 years with diarrhea in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. All isolates were identified by standard microbiological and molecular methods. The presence of enterotoxin genes was determined by PCR. The most prevalent isolate was Shigella flexneri (47.9%), followed by Shigella sonnei (41%) and Shigella boydii (11.1%), respectively. Shigella dysenteriae was not detected in patients’ samples. The frequencies of set1A, set1B, and sen genes were 5.1% (6/117), 15.4% (18/117), and 76.9% (90/117), respectively. This study provides initial background on the prevalence and distribution of the Shigella enterotoxin genes in Shigella isolates in southwest of Iran. In addition, this study revealed a high prevalence of sen enterotoxin gene in Shigella species

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 2: The Physics Program for DUNE at LBNF

The Physics Program for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is described